Stepper Motors


 
Below is a stepper motor (rated at 3Amps) as fitted to my machine.There are three of these, and they drive the ball screws, which move the axis backwards and forwards, or in the case of the Z axis, up and down.




Below is the A axis. As you can see, this also has a stepper motor to drive the chuck round via a toothed belt.

 

This is a 4th axis or A axis in action.
Photo is from China CNC Zone


The stepper motors fitted to the 3020, 3040 and 6040 are very reliable, usually when there's a problem it's nearly always incorrect setup of software.
The steppers are just motors, they can rotate continually, or in very small steps in either direction with an accuracy of  0.05mm  (0.002") making them ideal for engraving.